Scholarly record

TAMGA AS A SOURCE IN THE STUDY OF ETHNOHISTORICAL INTERRELATIONS OF TURKIC TRIBES

G. Khabizhanova, T. Omarbekov, T. Kartaeva, M. Nogaybaeva

Abstract

In the article the author on the basis of comparison of tamg signs on medievial Turkic tribes proves unity of their ethnohistorical and political development. The important role in moving of these tamg signs migratory processes and special mechanisms of formation of Turkic tribes, characteristic for a nomadic way of life have played. Thereupon the author comes to conclusion, that the generality of historical destinies of the Turkic people is defined by the unity of historical ways, since an epoch of ancient Turkic khanate, Karahanid stage, at last, stay of the majority of Turkic tribes in kypchak confederations. Ethnohistorical interrelations of Turkic tribes have received the reflection in the ethnonym's name, remained at the different Turkic people. The history of many Kazakh tribes and families are rooted in the distant past. The early stages of their formation can be reconstructed by comparing tamgas, which attest to the continuity and genetic connection of the ancient Turks and modern Turkic people. Using the methods of comparative historical study, historical retrospection, the authors of the article recreate the ethnohistorical and cultural interrelations of the Turkic-speaking medieval tribal community. An important help in the research of the topic is the data analysis of the Tamga signs itself, as well as information on written sources and monuments of nomads oral folklore (legends, epics, folklore). Particularly interesting are the materials of genealogy - pedigrees, called shezhire. All that allows us to present a more objective picture of the historical path reconstruction of the Turkic people formation. The analysis of tamgas is carried out according to the principle of determining the main tamga, which can be met in most tribes related to each other. Such tamga is distinguished by the simplicity of the image, the later formed sign is called a derivative of the main tamga and appears together with the main one. There are many variations from the main tamga, unlike the derivative. Derived tamgas, as a rule, differ in asymmetry of forms and do not arise, for example, by doubling the main sign. The main tamga is determined by the occurrence of its form in all variations.

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