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ANCIENT MIGRATION AND THE MOBILITY OF THE POPULATION IN THE ARCTIC YAKUTIA.
Abstract
This article deals with problems of the ancient settlement of Northern Yakutia. Across the Arctic of Yakutia, in the basin of river Uélé, Anabar, Olenek, lower Lena, Indigirka, Kolyma and Islands of the Arctic Ocean discovered and excavated hundreds of monuments of stone and early metal ages in ancient times, the main migratory paths were rivers flowing into the Arctic Ocean, which originate from Central Yakutia. Currently in the Arctic Yakutia there are about 20 sites of mammoth hunters, especially in the basins of the Indigirka and Yana. This population was the discoverer of the American continent. About 12 thousand years ago, the Paleolithic era is replaced by a Mesolithic culture, which was in the interval of 10.5-6.5 thousand years ago, has mastered almost the entire territory of Northern Yakutia and Alaska. The hunters and fishermans economic way of life was formed in Holocene and that still exists nowdays. But this does not mean that the life of hunters did not change. Developed technique of working stone and bone, there were new tools and new household items. From a very early time, man has sought to adapt to the conditions of Northern Yakutia. It was expressed not only by the development of hunting equipment, but in some aspects of life, for example, had a very high mobility of ancient populations, which is expressed in the exchange of raw materials from very distant sources, the ability to easily adapt to various climatic conditions and quickly change forms of life support. With the advent of metal, this appeared in the Northern Yakutia in the 2nd Millennium BC. The form of centers of metallurgy of the ore, which is then supplied the metal the whole North-East of Russia.
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