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THE HISTORY OF DEVELOPING THE PRINCIPLES OF INTEGRATION ARCHITECTURE INTO NATURE IN URBAN PLANNING
Abstract
The authors of this work generated and examined the principles of integrating architecture into nature in urban planning. The aim of the paper is to study how the abovementioned principles have been formed in the theory of architecture and urban planning. Since ancient times humans have been looking for ways of consolidation with nature, because rational usage of landscape, water resources and environment was one of the most important conditions of comfortable life and sometimes even survival. However, as civilization and technology were developing, the process came to the point when the habitat created by man began to substantially influence nature. This caused people to think, firstly, how to stop or minimize the influence, and secondly, how to make the habitat more nature-friendly, which would help to “humanize” it. Since the 19th century many experts who specialize in the theory and practice of architecture and urban planning, together with scientists of other fields, have been trying to solve this problem, which is becoming more and more relevant. A lot of researches, papers and proclamations were dedicated to the issue. It is worth mentioning that different concepts described in them often contradict each other. Something that the scientists of the beginning of the 20th century thought would help to achieve the goal does not seem (and is not) right nowadays when the world has changed. In this paper we are going to examine some aspects of the following architectural and philosophical concepts: Garden city movement, Athens Charter by Le Corbusier, The Disappearing City by Frank Lloyd Wright, the Ideas by Lazar Khidekel, architecture of Metabolism, New Element of Settling, modern theories of sustainable development (works by Jane Jacobs, Smart Growth, Sustainable Urbanism, New Urbanism and the others), contemporary conception of eco-cities, Biophilia by Edward Osborn Wilson and Humane Cities by Karsten Palsson.
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References8
Logvinov V.N. Integration of Architecture into Nature: Principles and Methods, 4th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM 2017, 24-30 August, 2017, Albena, Bulgaria : Conference Proceedings. - Sofia: STEF92 Technology, 2017. - Book 5 : Urban Planning, Architecture & Design, vol. 2 : Urban Studies, Planning and Development, Architecture and Design, pp. 507-514;
Logvinov V., Karelin D., Ponomareva I. Adaptation of Principles of Integration Architecture into Nature for Urban Planning, 5th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM 2018, 26 August - 01 September, 2018, Albena, Bulgaria : Conference Proceedings. - Sofia: STEF92 Technology, 2018. - Vol. 5 : Urban Planning, Architecture & Design, Issue. 5.2 : Urban Studies, Planning and Development, pp. 17-28;
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