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THE ROLE OF POLITICS IN THE CONTEXT OF BUILDING DEMOCRATIC AND MULTIETHNIC INSTITUTIONS
Abstract
Republic of Macedonia in the early nineties became independent from other former states of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, as a result of overall(vast) political, social and economic changes that took over (fell upon) Eastern European countries in the late eighties. After the dissolution of former Yugoslavia and the changes in the economic and political system in Republic of Macedonia, a new democratic system should be established based on equal ethnic and cultural rights, where the human rights and their freedom, as well as the rights of ethnic groups would be respected. Macedonia presents a society deeply divided between two major communities: Macedonian and Albanian, including ethnic, linguistic, religious and social differences. In Macedonia of the nineties it was not possible to create a critical measure for a greater and better involvement of Albanians and also the others in public institutions. Macedonian political parties were not available for Albanian demands, but it should be noted that the same dispositions were dominant in the Macedonian intellectual elite. Republic of Macedonia taking into account the internal ethnic composition and the relations concerning its neighbors, according to some authors tried to build a multi ethnic democratic society which will use its multi ethnic composition as an instrument and priority to build a balanced and stable state. But ther are thinkers who believe that multi ethnic states have priority that they are a source of conflict and instability of the region and beyond. All the views and developpements of the state so far, the prospect of the state and the multi ethnic society put them on a test for finding better and more functional alternatives. With the dissolution of former FSRY, it switched from the period of communist dictatorship in the period of political pluralism and democracy. This process was developed under the circumstances of dissolution of a common state as well as the fundamental changes that overtook the society. The Assembly of the Republic of Macedonia on January 25th 1990 approved the declaration of an independent and sovereign state, while on September 8th 1991 a referendum was held in which the citizens of Republic of Macedonia declared that Macedonia is constituted as an independent and sovereign state. During the period of dissolution of Yugoslavia and the transition period, important judicial and political acts were approved in accordance with new orientations of the republic to be built as a democratic and social state. In the year 1990, on the basis of constitutional amendments of the Constitution of Social Republic of Macedonia of the year 1974 (amendments 57-80) significant constitutional transformations were made in economic and political fields, building a legal state, in function of installation of pluralism properties and political pluralism, free elections and direct trade market, local self administration, human and citizens rights etc. Constitutional changes enabled the creation of the normative frame for the first multi –party elections in 1991 and the installation of parliamentary democracy in the Republic of Macedonia.
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