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Background. Immune causes of miscarriages are not well known. Toll-like receptors (TLR) are receptors of innate immunity, situated on innate immunity cells, including epithelial cells, and capable to recognize structures of pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa) and activate immune response. Toll-like receptors, recognizing bacterial structures, are membrane receptors, which through MyD88-dependent pathway activate synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines. TLR1, TLR2 and TLR6 recognize lipopeptides of Gra...

Background. Rate of early miscarriages is about 10-15% worldwide, and immune causes can play an important role in their pathogenesis. Normally Th2 lymphocytes is predominant subpopulation during early stages of pregnancy, while Th1 lymphocytes, which provide activation of cell immunity, are decreased. Regulatory T-lymphocytes (Treg, Th3) maintain tolerance to self-antigens and suppress excessive inflammatory response and also may be involved in pathogenesis of miscarriages. Th17 lymphocytes (Th17) play an importan...