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Background: Despite the remarkable technical advances in renal nursing and renal replacement therapy, mortality and morbidity remain high in patients with chronic kidney disease, fact particularly true in older patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), who often have a great number of coexisting diseases. In this population, life expectancy and quality of life may be rather poor, raising important ethical issues about the decision of initiating or withdrawing renal replacement therapy. Aim of study: was to eva...