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Under condition of dominance of the Russian etatist political model, crisis of democratic institutions, problems of civil and political rights’ exercise by certain social groups, and with a relatively low level of political and civic engagement, the wide dissemination of civic and social initiatives could engage citizens in the tackling problems at the local, regional and federal levels. By the means of activity approach, case study and taking into account citizens' motivation the author defined civic and social i...

In politics if we consider complex social systems and processes manifests itself the dichotomy between “stability and manageability” of a political system and “socio-political diversity” which brings modernization impulses that are making political systems more diverse. This is especially noticeable for the states in transition with anocratic political regimes and supranational entities. This kind of social dichotomy, however, should not be confused with the pure dichotomy between democratic and authoritarian tend...

Rural depopulation and shrinking are common processes for Latvia during last few decades that call for different ways of revitalizing of rural territories and communities. As the authors of the paper have discovered, better results for economic and social revitalizing of rural territories are reached when all involved social agents (local municipalities, NGOs, entrepreneurs, museums, religious organizations etc.) are linked in a horizontal network and have found ways for mutual cooperation. At the same time, Latvi...