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For more than a decade, the liberalisation of the European energy markets has been on the agenda, this liberalisation being highly motivated by expected efficiency improvements. The competitiveness of the European economy and the welfare of its citizens can be enhanced through a more efficient supply of energy. The liberalisation of the energy market should lead to improvements in productivity, a more competitive pricing and greater efforts to support and develop innovation. This paper will provide an overview and...

The global energy landscape will evolve significantly in the coming decades, creating new opportunities for international trade and economic growth. Because few countries have energy and all countries need energy, trade in energy (and especially oil) has been crucial to fulfil global energy needs. There is more trade internationally in oil than in anything else. This article has as its purpose the establishment of the theoretical reasons for the connection that exists between the international trade regime and the...