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Background: The article explores a consumer complaint against the banking sector as a tool for empowering consumers, using Polish Financial Ombudsman information as a case study. Methods: The article consists of three parts, the first of which provides an insight into the describing of complaints in the financial markets, the second one reviews regulations concerning complaint proceedings, and the third one provides numerical illustrating of the trends in complaints against banking sector in Poland. The paper conc...

The article deals with issues that EU Member States may face because of the temporal (periodical) nature of the funding that European structural and investment funds allocate to urban revitalisation (regeneration) activity. The discussion is illustrated by showing how Poland used revitalisation funding in the last budget programming period in the European Union (2014-20). The article is interdisciplinary in character, because not only does it present the legal and financial aspects of the problem under considerati...