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In this paper we aim to present the theoretical foundations of virtual currencies, distinguishing them from legal tender, and to explore the blockchain technology that underpins their creation. We classify the existing virtual currencies into three categories (cryptocurrencies, stablecoins, and Central Bank Digital Currency), and analyze their characteristics and market evolution. We also present the evolution of popular cryptocurrencies, bitcoin and Ethereum, underline their market dynamics, historical price tren...

Migration is a multifaceted phenomenon influenced by several macro-level determinants. In this article we aim to analyze the key factors driving migration, and focus on violence and conflict, human rights, institutional quality, economic opportunities, governance, political factors, climate change, environmental threats. Based on an interdisciplinary approach, we synthesize the existing research and data to provide a comprehensive overview of these drivers. In order to understand the interaction between structural...