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International trade significantly determines the level of economy output. The volume of international trade, in comparison to produced output, might be expressed as the openness of economy. Openness is the most obvious aspect of globalization. This gives the researchers a wide range of research questions. Theoretical and empirical papers usually deal with the impact of openness on macroeconomic development of countries, regions or economic areas. Openness of economy is reduced by three main barriers – imperfecti...

In this paper the authors try to present the method PROMETHEE II (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation), which they use for comparing the 27 European countries that are in the European Union. Authors focus on five chosen macroeconomic indicators: growth of GDP, unemployment, Harmonized Index of Customer Prices, expenditure on research and development, annual earnings. Using PROMETHEE II and the data of chosen indicators the authors create an absolute range of countries in the time of ec...