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‘War of the Knights’ (Ritter Krieg) is a medieval alchemical narrative, written in the form of judicial combat between the allegorical figures of the Sun (gold) and Mars (iron). The purpose of the study is to show that if one considers the verbal duel of the ‘knights’ not as alchemic dispute, but as a clash of interests of various medieval social classes, the contents of the book is clear, and the alchemist is engaged in the analysis of the historical and socio-political situation in the late Middle Ages. The meth...

In the modern world, various projective images of alchemy, of the alchemist, of the ‘great work’ and of the philosopher's stone were formed. The aim of the work is to search for the prototype of an alchemic operation and to prove that it is an operation to create a measure for measuring an unknown quantity that can be chemical, geometric, psychological or of some other nature. The method of investigation is a representative measurement theory based on assigning numbers to things; in this case, things are the lette...

The interest of the Renaissance to the antique culture and to the hermeticism consequential led to the study of the Old Egypt and to the research of the Egypt writing. But at the moment of appearance of this interest the understanding of it was lose. 1419 priest from Florence Christoforo de? Buoldemonti found on the island Andros in the Aegean See the manuscript “The Hieroglyphics of Horapollo Nilous”. He bought it and got to Italy. 1505 the manuscript was published in Ancient Greek in Venice. According to the his...