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In the 19th century, urbanization and transport in European cities contributed creation of industrial territories, reducing areas of natural greenery, but changes at social life altered the attitude towards nature: the natural environment has been replaced by man-made cultivated roadside and walking allees provided a functional link between green areas of various significance, uniting parks and squares into one system. In the mid- 19th century, functional issues at European largest cities as Berlin, Paris, Vienna,...

In the 19th century, urbanization and transport in European cities contributed creation of industrial territories, reducing areas of natural greenery, but changes at social life altered the attitude towards nature: the natural environment has been replaced by man-made cultivated roadside and walking allees provided a functional link between green areas of various significance, uniting parks and squares into one system. In the mid- 19th century, functional issues at European largest cities as Berlin, Paris, Vienna,...