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Mining regions are traditionally most technogenic pressured and transformed during the exploration of mineral resources. In each country producing mineral resources the problem of restoration of damaged territories is especially significant because of a variety of consequences of the destruction of natural complexes: latent/ hidden effects, secondary pollutions and destruction of soils and state of groundwater, complex of consequences for the biota. In Russia, i.e., currently there are more than 340 large scale ob...

The central counterparty (CCP) is that market infrastructure entity that comes between the parties of a transaction, becoming a buyer for each seller and a seller for each buyer, thus ensuring the proper execution of transactions in the process of settlement, or of the obligations relating to open positions. This market infrastructure entity can provide guarantee services for transactions based on financial instruments carried out both on the spot trading venues and on the venues specific to the derivatives market...