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Environmental problems and climate change have been a growing human-induced challenge that intensively affects our life and our future. Environmental decline like transboundary pollution, resource scarcity, and rising temperature has undesirable impacts on the security of states, communities and individuals. The essence of environmental security is based on the notion that environmental degradation/resource scarcity poses a threat to the security and continuity of nations that carries a risk of violent conflict wi...

Climate change in the era of 5.0 is becoming more significant. Society will need more power than before to keep enormous data information. Also, cooling of the servers and processors will become vital for data manipulation not only for society but also for business. The gathering and measurement of that information could be done by sustainability accounting in era 5.0. In terms of assessment, sustainability accounting can provide data and insights into a company's environmental and social effects, as well as its s...